George Easton
21) Surgery
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Hippocrates is credited with being the first physician to really focus on surgery as a medical practice. He and his team of surgeons would often operate on patients with a variety of different ailments. This was a major shift from previous medical practices, which often focused on simply treating the symptoms of an illness, rather than attempting to cure it. Hippocrates and his team pioneered many surgical techniques that are still used today, and...
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In "On Injuries of the Head," Hippocrates discusses the various ways in which head injuries can occur and offers treatment recommendations. He begins by noting that head injuries can be caused by falls, blows to the head, or other accidents. He then goes on to discuss the different types of head injuries, including fractures, contusions, and lacerations. He offers recommendations for treatment of each type of injury, including rest, immobilization,...
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"On the Parts of Animals" is a biological treatise written by Aristotle, in which he extensively examines the anatomy and physiology of different animals, including humans. The book is divided into four sections, each focusing on a different aspect of animal life. In the first section, Aristotle explores the concept of soul and distinguishes between different types of souls that exist in animals. In the second section, he discusses the structure and...
24) Phaedrus
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In "Phaedrus," Plato explores the nature of love, rhetoric, and the soul. Set in a scenic Athenian countryside, Socrates engages in a profound dialogue with Phaedrus, unraveling the complexities of love and its impact on the human spirit. The discourse delves into the art of persuasion and the immortality of the soul, offering timeless insights into the human condition and philosophical inquiry. Read in English, unabridged.
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"On the Motion of Animals" is a scientific work by Aristotle that explores the principles of motion in living beings. In this treatise, Aristotle observes and analyzes the movements of various animals, from insects to humans, in order to understand the mechanics of motion and the physiological and psychological factors that drive it. Aristotle begins by examining the different types of motion, including natural, violent, and voluntary, and how they...
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On Airs, Waters, and Places is a treatise by Hippocrates in which he sets forth his ideas on the impact of climate and geography on human health. In particular, he believed that certain climates and types of terrain were more conducive to good health than others, and that people who lived in unhealthy environments were more likely to suffer from illness. Read in English, unabridged.
27) Sophist
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In "Sophist," Plato explores the nature of sophistry and the elusive concept of being. Through engaging dialogues, the characters delve into the intricacies of language, existence, and the art of persuasion. The pursuit of truth and the examination of reality unfold in this philosophical exploration. Read in English, unabridged.
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The Sacred Disease is a text written by Hippocrates that explores the topic of epilepsy. In this text, Hippocrates attempts to dispel the belief that epilepsy is a sacred disease caused by supernatural forces. Instead, he argues that epilepsy is a natural disease that should be treated like any other illness. This text is significant because it represents one of the earliest attempts to provide a rational explanation for a medical condition.
29) Oath and Law
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The Oath and Law by Hippocrates is a document that outlines the ethical code of conduct for medical professionals. The oath is a pledge to uphold the highest standards of care for patients, and the law is a set of guidelines for how physicians should behave. The oath and law are designed to protect patients and ensure that they receive the best possible care. Read in English, unabridged.
30) On the Heavens
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On the Heavens is a treatise written by Aristotle in which he explores the nature and motion of the celestial bodies. In this work, Aristotle argues that the heavens are eternal, unchanging, and composed of a fifth element called aether. He distinguishes between the sublunary world, which is subject to change and decay, and the celestial realm, which is perfect and immutable. On the Heavens is a significant work in the history of astronomy and natural...
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"The Athenian Constitution" by Aristotle is a treatise on the ancient Greek city-state of Athens and its political structure. In the work, Aristotle examines the historical development of the Athenian government, the functions of its various institutions, and the role of its citizens in the decision-making process. Aristotle divides the Athenian government into three main types: monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. He argues that the Athenian government...
32) Statesman
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The text Statesman, by Plato, is a Socratic dialogue composed of several allegorical myths that aim to assess the qualifications of rulership and the properties of wisdom. Through his discourse with Socrates, Theaetetus strives to determine what exactly constitutes a statesman - seeking to find an answer which surpasses mere technical expertise. Read in English, unabridged.
33) Ancient Medicine
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The Ancient Medicine by Hippocrates is a work of medical literature that dates back to the 4th century BC. The work is attributed to the Greek physician Hippocrates and consists of a collection of case histories and medical teachings. The Ancient Medicine by Hippocrates provides an insight into the medical practices of the time and how Hippocrates treated various illnesses. The work also contains a section on diet and hygiene, which provides valuable...
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Aphorisms of Hippocrates are a series of sayings or proverbs that are attributed to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. These sayings are typically concise and offer advice or wisdom on a particular subject. Some of the more famous aphorisms by Hippocrates include "First, do no harm" and "Let food be thy medicine." Read in English, unabridged.
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"On the Commonwealth" by Cicero is a profound political and philosophical treatise that explores the ideal form of government and the principles of a just society. In this insightful work, Cicero engages in a series of dialogues to examine different systems of governance, the nature of justice, and the role of individuals within a state. Through compelling conversations between prominent Roman statesmen, Cicero presents contrasting viewpoints on political...
36) Ulcers
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The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates is often credited with being the first to identify ulcers as a medical condition. In his famous treatise On the Sacred Disease, Hippocrates describes ulcers as open sores that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes. He notes that ulcers are often painful and may be accompanied by fever, swelling, and redness. Read in English, unabridged.
37) Timaeus
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Timaeus, a philosophical dialogue by Plato, delves into the nature of the physical world and its divine origins. It presents a cosmological narrative, discussing the creation of the universe, the role of the demiurge, and the essence of the soul. Timaeus offers profound insights into metaphysics and the interconnectedness of the material and divine realms. Read in English, unabridged.
38) Euthydemus
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"Euthydemus" is a dialogue by Plato, believed to have been written in the mid-4th century BCE. The dialogue centers around two sophists, Euthydemus and Dionysodorus, who arrive in Athens and begin to teach their brand of argumentative philosophy to young students. Socrates, the main character and interlocutor in the dialogue, engages with the sophists and exposes the flaws in their reasoning. Throughout the dialogue, the sophists engage in a series...
39) Cratylus
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Cratylus, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, is an exploration of the nature of language and its relationship to reality. In this dialogue, Plato engages in a discourse with two interlocutors, Hermogenes and Cratylus, about the distinction between conventional and natural languages. Through this discussion, Plato suggests that language is an expression of knowledge which can be used to understand reality. Read in English, unabridged.
40) On the Soul
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"On the Soul" is a philosophical treatise written by Aristotle in the 4th century BC. The book is focused on the nature of the soul and its relationship to the body, as well as the various faculties of the soul such as perception, thought, and desire. The majority of the book is devoted to the discussion of the various faculties of the soul. Aristotle examines perception, memory, imagination, and thought in detail, and argues that these faculties...